Cirrhosis is the advanced stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by extensive scarring (fibrosis) that disrupts the liver’s normal structure and function. It results from long-term damage due to various causes such as chronic hepatitis B and C infections, prolonged alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other chronic liver diseases. As the liver tissue becomes increasingly scarred, it impairs the liver’s ability to perform vital functions, leading to complications like jaundice, ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. Early symptoms can be nonspecific, such as fatigue and weakness, but as the disease progresses, more severe symptoms and life-threatening complications can arise.