Chronic hepatitis B and C are long-term viral infections that primarily affect the liver, leading to inflammation, liver damage, and potentially severe complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. These conditions are caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), respectively, and can be asymptomatic for many years, making early detection challenging. Both types are transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids, with common transmission routes including needle sharing, unprotected sex, and from mother to child during childbirth. Effective management of chronic hepatitis B and C involves antiviral medications to suppress the virus, regular monitoring of liver health.